Mycobacterium vaccae is in the same genus as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium which causes tuberculosis. Early trials indicated that exposure to Mycobacterium vaccae would relieve tuberculosis symptoms. However, a 2002 review found no benefit from immunotherapy with M. vaccae in people with tuberculosis. There seems to be varying results because of two different forms of the bacterium ("smooth" and "rough"), plus individual response to vaccination from it.
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